W.F.I Distiller

The FAC multi-effect water distillation plants are designed to produce sterile and pyrogen-free distilled water of a very high quality with a very low consumption of energy and cooling water

Working principle

The plants consists of 5 columns(option 8 columns), which each is a separate distillator containing preheater tubes, evaporator/condenser tubes and a steam separation system. Only the first column is heated from an external source which can be either steam.

The pure steam produced in the first column is used for heating the second column which also will produce pure steam but at a some what lower pressure. This pure steam is used for heating the next column and so on through the number of columns.

When the pure steam is used for heating the following column will it at the same time be condensed to pure distilled water.
The pure steam produced in the last column will be condensed in a condenser partly by the incoming feed water and partly by cooling water.

The high purity of the distilled water is obtained (even with low quality feed water) by means of a very efficient high velocity cyclone system in the pure steam section in each column combined with a demister. The combination of cyclone with a demister (PATENT. 98-1171, 98-1170, 98-492) is important in order to obtain the maximum purity of the steam, as the cyclone will remove only "larger" water particles while the microscopic particles will be removed by a demister only.

This highly efficient separation system, which is essential for obtaining a constant high distilled water quality independent of variations in the feed water quality, is developed by FAC spary nozzle (PATENT. 98-1170) and is characteristic for FAC distillation plants.

Optional accessories

Feed Water Pump Unit

• The feed water pressure shall be constant and shall be app. 1 bar higher than the primary steam pressure. For this purpose can be offered a feed water pump unit FAC type CRN consisting of GRUNDFOSS pump made in AISI 316 and a hold-up tank made in AISI 316L mounted on a stainless steel frame. The tank is equipped with automatic level control valve and alarm switch for low water level.

cGMP Design

• To meet the proposed rules for cGMP by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in USA, can the plants be delivered with double tube sheets in first column, automatic closing of purge outlet when the distillation stops.

Self Sterilization System

• The plant can be delivered with self sterilization system which makes it possible to sterilized all parts in contact with pure steam and distilled water at 135 deg. C.

Electro Polishing

• The plants can be delivered with electro polishing of all surfaces in contact with the pure steam and the distilled water.

Feed Water Quality Monitor

• Feed water conductivity registration with alarm for high conductivity.

Distillate Outlet Height

• The plants can be delivered with up to 2600mm higher distillate outlet than the standard height indicated on the following.
  

Feed water

• In order to avoid scaling in the evaporation tubes is it necessary to preheater the feed water by deionization. The conductivity of the feed water should normally be around 5 to 10micro S/cm however care should be taken that the silica content is max 1ppm.
  Normally a strong-base deionizer, can remove the silica less the silica is colloidal, in which case the silica has to be removed by other means, for instance reverse osmosis. etc Also softened water can be used as feed water in some cases, however it may then be necessary to clean the plant with regular intervals depending on the feed water quality.

Cooling water

• Normal tap water can be used as cooling water if the hardness is below app. 8 deg. H(German), otherwise softened water has to be used. The cooling water consumption depends on the number of effects. (20deg. C.)

Heating Steam (for steam heated type FD)

• The water still is designed to operate a maximum primary steam pressure of 8 bar (over pressure). The minimum primary steam pressure should not be lower than 3 bar. The plant can however operate at lower pressure as well, but stability operation can then be guaranteed. The output capacity depends on the primary steam pressure and can be found on the following pages. These figures are the guaranteed capacity but the actual capacity will normally be app. 5% higher.

Pure Steam Production

• The plant can be used as a pure steam generator for generating steam for sterilization purpose.
  The pure steam can be extracted through a valve after the first effect. The maximum pure steam production capacity depends on the primary steam pressure for type FDP and of the pure steam pressure required and can be found on the following. When pure steam is extracted at full capacity, there will be no production of distilled water. Pure steam can however be extracted during distillation, the pressure in column No. 2 shall however not drop below 2 bar corresponding to app. 135 deg. C if distillation shall be maintained during pure steam extraction. Distillation capacity will be reduced when pure steam is extracted.

Start-up time and Stand-by

• The startup time from cold condition until distilled water production starts will normally be app. 10minutes. However when the distillation is stopped during operation, for instance by high tank level, a small flow of feed water is led to the first column which will produce a small amount of steam in order to keep the plant at operating temperature. When distilled water is required again. full production can be obtained immediately.

Control system and instrumentation

• The operation to the plant is automatically by level in distillate tank. The operation mode be chosen by push buttons in the control panel. The alarm system monitors all vital parameters and stops the plant if necessary. Terminals are available for connection of a common remote alarm signal. The temperature of the distillate and the temperature in the distillation columns is constantly monitored and shown on a digital display on the control panel. Terminals are available for temperature output signal. All controls are mounted into a stainless steel cabinet. The conductivity of the distillate is automatically drain. Other parameters, for instance the distillate temperature in storage tank or feed water quality, can also be registered on the same recorder according to the customers request.

Construction

• The distillation columns are designed as pressure vessels for max. Working pressure of 8 bar.
  The pressure vessels are normally designed according to the K.S pressure vessel code (other codes on request) and will approved and stamped by the korean regal pressure vessel. The colmns are compact units containing the evaporation tubes. preheater tubes as well as the cyclone/demister system. There are only two flange connections in each column with stationary teflon gaskets. There are no moving stuffing boxes. If the feed water quality is as specified, there shall be no need for cleaning, however if the feed water quality of some reason should be inferior and scaling should occur, connections for cleaning has been in each column.

Materials

• All parts in contact with pure steam and distilled water are made in acid resistant stainless steel low carbon type is AISI 316L. Other parts in contact with feed water and cooling water are made in acid resistant stainless steel AISI 316 or equal quality.

Insulation

• The columns are insulated with mineral wool covered with STS 304 sheets

Frame

• The plant is mounted in an AISI 304 stainless steel frame.
  
  

Capacitys and Consumptions

Model	Primary Steam Presure(bar(g)	Distilled Water Production l /h	Feed Water Consumption l /h	Steam Consumption (at 20C feed water temp.) kg/h
				(Number of effects)
				3	4	5	6	7
FD(P)-100M	3	100	110	50	40	30	-	-
	4	120	130	60	48	40	-	-
	5	145	175	75	60	45	-	-
	6	170	190	85	70	50	-	-
	7	210	230	110	85	65	-	-
FD(P)-500M	3	500	550	250	200	150	-	-
	4	600	660	300	240	180	-	-
	5	720	790	360	290	220	-	-
	6	865	950	435	350	260	-	-
	7	1040	1145	520	420	315	-	-
FD(P)-1000M	3	1000	1100	-	400	300	200	-
	4	1200	1300	-	480	400	240	-
	5	1450	1750	-	600	450	290	-
	6	1700	1900	-	700	500	340	-
	7	2100	2300	-	850	650	420	-
FD(P)-2000M	3	2000	2200	-	-	600	400	300
	4	2400	2640	-	-	720	480	360
	5	2880	3170	-	-	865	580	430
	6	3460	3810	-	-	1040	690	520
	7	4150	4570	-	-	1250	830	620
FD(P)-3000M	3	3000	3300	1200	900	600	450	360
	4	3600	4000	1440	1080	720	540	430
	5	4300	4700	1720	1290	860	645	520
	6	5200	5700	2080	1560	1040	780	645
	7	6250	6900	2500	1880	1250	940	750
FD(P)-5000M	3	5000	5500	2000	1500	1000	750	600
	4	6000	6600	2400	1800	1200	900	720
	5	7200	7900	2880	2160	1440	1080	860
	6	8650	9500	3460	2600	1730	1300	1038
	7	10380	11450	4150	3100	2080	1560	1250
FD(P)-10000M	3	10000	11000	4000	3000	2000	1500	1200
	4	12000	13000	4800	3600	2400	1800	1440
	5	14500	17500	5800	4350	2900	2180	1740
	6	17000	19000	6800	5100	3400	2550	2040
	7	21000	23000	8400	6300	4200	3150	2520

Model	Cooling Water Consumption (at 15C cooling water temp.) l / h
	(number of effects)
	3	4	5	6	7
FD(P)-100M	50	40	30	-	-
	60	48	40	-	-
	75	60	45	-	-
	85	70	50	-	-
	110	85	65	-	-
FD(P)-500M	250	200	150	-	-
	300	240	180	-	-
	360	290	220	-	-
	435	350	260	-	-
	520	420	315	-	-
FD(P)-1000M	-	400	300	200	-
	-	480	400	240	-
	-	600	450	290	-
	-	700	500	340	-
	-	850	650	420	-
FD(P)-2000M	-	-	600	400	300
	-	-	720	480	360
	-	-	865	580	430
	-	-	1040	690	520
	-	-	1250	830	620
FD(P)-3000M	1200	900	600	450	360
	1440	1080	720	540	430
	1720	1290	860	645	520
	2080	1560	1040	780	645
	2500	1880	1250	940	750
FD(P)-5000M	2000	1500	1000	750	600
	2400	1800	1200	900	720
	2880	2160	1440	1080	860
	3460	2600	1730	1300	1038
	4150	3100	2080	1560	1250
FD(P)-10000M	4000	3000	2000	1500	1200
	4800	3600	2400	1800	1440
	5800	4350	2900	2180	1740
	6800	5100	3400	2550	2040
	8400	6300	4200	3150	2520